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- 25th July 1994
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- Support Group Application Note
- Number: 266
- Issue: 1.00P
- Author: SP / MM
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- Developing CD ROM Products for Acorn Machines
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- Notes:
- This document is intended to give pointers and helpful information on the
- development of CD-ROMs for Acorn machines.
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- Applicable Hardware:
- All Archimedes
- All Risc PCs
-
- Related Application Notes:
- None
-
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- Copyright (C) 1994 Acorn Computers Limited
-
- Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is
- true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in
- this leaflet are subject to continuous development and improvements and
- Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at
- any time. Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or
- damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this
- leaflet. ACORN, ECONET and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers
- Limited.
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- Support Group
- Acorn Computers Limited
- Acorn House
- Vision Park
- Histon
- Cambridge
- CB4 4AE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 1. Introduction
- ---------------
- This document is intended to give pointers and helpful information on the
- development of CD-ROMs for Acorn machines. It goes from initial design of
- the applications to the pressing of the final CD-ROM. The sections included
- are :
-
- - Designing, developing and testing the application
- - Packaging design and suggestions
- - CD-ROM duplication companies
-
-
- 2. Designing, developing and testing the application
- ----------------------------------------------------
- When designing the the applications and resources that will appear on your
- CD-ROM, there are some points that you will need to abide by to ensure that
- the application works from the CD-ROM with the least amount of effort. The
- list below details the points to remember:
-
-
- • Use the RISC OS 3 Style Guide (available from Developer Support), this
- ensures that the learning process is easier for new users.
-
- • Do not use !System, !Font or !Scrap directories on the CD-ROM. If you
- must have some modules or similar to complete a system put these files in a
- 'SetUp' directory. This minimises the risk of errors arising when the
- CD-ROM has been dismounted.
-
- • Do not have ! directories (applications) in the root directory of the
- CD-ROM except for the main application on the disc; put any other
- applications in a Utilities directory. This will ensure that the CD filing
- system won't boot all the applications which will reduce the initial delay
- when running the CD-ROM for the first time. It will also reduce the memory
- needed for sprites etc. as they will only be booted when necessary.
-
- • Disc names should not exceed twelve characters in length. This will
- retain compatibility between RISC OS 2 and RISC OS 3 applications.
-
- • Keep the number of files within a directory to less than 40. The number
- of files allowed in a directory is greater than 40 but keeping it low will
- improve directory search times and overall performance.
-
- • The lengths of the filenames you should use depends on the machine
- platform that the CD-ROM will work with. Ten characters will ensure
- compatibility between RISC OS 2 and RISC OS 3. Eight characters will allow
- the CD-ROM to be read on MS-DOS machines.
-
- • Do not assume that there is a hard disc present, in most cases there will
- be but the CD could be shared and the work station may not have a hard disc.
-
- • Replay movies should be located at the beginning of the disc. Use a
- directory AReplay in the root of the disc to store all movies. This will
- improve the performance for Full Motion Video applications.
-
- • If your application incorporates Replay movies, follow all instructions in
- the ProgIf file in the ARMovie directory. This will ensure that your
- application will benefit from all of the features provided by the target
- hardware system.
-
- • CDFS buffers should be set to a non-zero value. 16k is a standard value
- but 32k or 64k may be better for CD-ROMs that require a lot of disc access.
- This may use up more memory but if your application needs to access the disc
- a lot, it is worth it for the speed increase. You should experiment with
- the CDFS buffers size to determine the best compromise setting.
-
- • Don't ever write to a CD-ROM based application, the application may be
- able to handle such error messages but it can cause embarrassment and the
- need to re-press the CD-ROM if this was not found while checking.
-
- • Always refer to discs and directories on the CD-ROM by using system
- variables. A direct reference to a file or application will mean that the
- CD would have to be re-pressed if there is a bug in a piece of software on
- the CD. Any minor bugs can be solved by updating the application in
- question and releasing it on a floppy disc. A system variable would then be
- used to point to the updated one rather than the one on the CD.
-
- • Consider CD-ROM access/seek times and data transfer rates, especially for
- applications where high performance is required. Remember that CD-ROMs do
- not behave like hard discs and it will pay to write applications with this
- fact in mind.
-
- • Opening a file for write/update is not wise. CDFS will allow this until
- you try to write to the file but it is better practice if you open files as
- read-only.
-
- • Make sure that you consider ISO 9660 restrictions on the use of characters
- in disc, directory and file names. Only upper case alpha and numeric
- characters plus the underscore (_) and pling (!) can be used as legal
- characters.
-
- • Keep application specific resources together in a directory named 'Data'
- at the root level. This eases the use of important materials in other
- situations such as authoring.
-
- • Trial a Gold disc before going to full pressing and test it on a range of
- CD-ROM drives, single and double speed. When you run the disc image from a
- hard disc or MO it does not fully represent the characteristics of a CD-ROM
- drive - especially the speed. There is a utility available that will
- simulate a CD-ROM drive from your hard disc. When run, it uses a compiled
- ISO 9660 image of the CD to simulate the speed, access times and filenames
- of the final CD. Details of this are at the end of the application note.
-
- • Optimise for higher resolution screen modes. Most systems with CD-ROM
- drives attached have VGA or Multisync monitors attached.
-
- • All applications and files required for the CD-ROM should be kept on the
- CD-ROM as much as possible. It's easier to use a CD-ROM if it's self
- contained. There are exceptions however when an external application may be
- used. An example of this is when a bug has been found in a CD-ROM based
- application and you want to update it without re-pressing the CD.
-
- • Check all applications and data for viruses before pressing a CD-ROM.
-
- • Always consider building CD-ROM applications which will run on a 2MB RAM
- system. This will increase the number of potential customers who will buy
- the CD-ROM.
-
- • Always try and read in data in big chunks, don't read many little bits
- sequentially. Each individual read results in seek time delays which can be
- very slow on CD-ROM.
-
- 3. Packaging design and suggestions
- -----------------------------------
- The packaging of a CD-ROM based product can have implications on the safety
- of a CD and also the ease of use. Here is a list of some of the things that
- would help you when designing the packaging.
-
- • Use graphic artists to improve the look and feel of the application and
- its packaging. Doing this can improve the ease of use of the CD-ROM and
- also the interest level.
-
- • Supply CD-ROMs in jewel cases rather than flimsy plastic wallets. This
- improves the look of the product, ease of storage and also life expectancy.
-
- • The jewel case insert should contain details of how to start up the
- application. This too improves the ease of use.
-
- • The jewel case inlay should contain details of the CD-ROM title, this can
- make it easier to recognise a CD-ROM title when it is stored on the shelf.
-
- • Colour separations should be marked with alignment circles and crosses.
- Ensures correct colour printing of the CD-ROM and its packaging.
-
- • Pantone colours should be checked against background colours. Colours can
- vary subjectively on different backgrounds e.g. silver, gold, white, black.
- It's best to check before volume replication of a CD-ROM.
-
- • CD-ROMs containing Replay movies should have the below Replay logo clearly
- visible. Note you need a licence to ship the ARMovie application. (This is
- available easily from Developer Support). Displaying the logo helps
- customers to recognise products containing Full Motion Video clips or
- capable of using such clips.
-
-
- <Insert Drawfiles.Fig1>
-
-
- 4. CD-ROM duplication companies
- -------------------------------
- Once you have designed, created, compiled and tested your CD-ROM image, mass
- duplication is achieved by sending the image on a hard disc, a tape streamer
- or as a gold disc. The data is then copied off at the duplicators and a
- master CD is created. This master can be quite expensive and this is why it
- is vital that the gold disc is tested fully. The duplicated CDs are
- literally pressed using the master copy. Below is a list of some
- duplication houses for CD-ROMs :
-
-
- Sonopress Nimbus Information Systems
- 26-27 Conduit Street Raglan House
- London Llantarman Park
- W1R 9TA Cwmbran
- NP44 3AB
-
- Tel : 0171 4996813 Tel : 01633 867777
-
-
- Copysoft Ltd
- Victoria House
- Wellington Street
- Stockport
- SK1 3XQ
-
- Tel : 0161 4766620
-
-
- Acorn are not actually recommending the above companies but are making
- Developers aware that they offer the services detailed.
-